Cicindelidae, commonly known as tiger beetles, is a family of beetles comprising over 2,600 species. These insects are characterized by their predatory behavior, vibrant colors, and remarkable speed. They are primarily found in subtropical and tropical regions, often inhabiting sunny paths or sandy areas.
Tiger Beetles – Cicindelidae
Tiger Beetles of Orient – Tiger Beetles of Africa – Tiger Beetles of the World
Taxonomy and Classification
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Historically, tiger beetles were classified as an independent family (Cicindelidae), but modern classifications typically place them within the family Carabidae as a subfamily (Cicindelinae) or as a supertribe (Cicindelitae) within Carabinae. The genus Cicindela is the most recognized within this family, containing numerous species that exhibit a wide range of colors and patterns.
Genera Overview
The Cicindelidae family includes several genera, with Cicindela being the largest. Other notable genera include:
Collyris
Cratohaerea
Ctenostoma
Cylindera
Dromica
These genera encompass a variety of species adapted to different habitats, including sandy shores, riverbanks, and woodland paths.
Family Cicindelidae Latreille, 1802
Tribe Cicindelini Latreille, 1802
- Subtribe Apteroessina Rivalier, 1971
- Subtribe Cicindelina Latreille, 1802
- Subtribe Dromicina J. Thomson, 1859
- Subtribe Iresiina Rivalier, 1971 P
- Subtribe Theratina W. Horn, 1893
Tribe Collyridini Brullé, 1834
- Subtribe Collyridina Brullé, 1834
- Subtribe Tricondylina Naviaux, 1991
Tribe Ctenostomatini Laporte, 1834
Tribe Manticorini Laporte, 1834
Tribe Megacephalini Laporte, 1834
Tribe Oxycheilini J. Thomson, 1857
Physical Characteristics
Tiger beetles are slender and long-legged, typically measuring between 10 to 20 mm in length. They possess large, bulging eyes that aid in their predatory lifestyle. Their exoskeletons can be iridescent blue, green, orange, or scarlet due to both pigments and structural coloration. Many species exhibit distinctive markings on their elytra (wing covers), which can include scroll-like patterns3.
Behavior and Ecology
Tiger beetles are known for their aggressive predation. Both adults and larvae actively hunt various prey such as insects and spiders. The larvae create vertical burrows where they ambush passing prey using sickle-shaped mandibles. Adults are also quick runners and fliers; some species can run at speeds of up to 2.5 meters per second (about 5.6 mph), making them among the fastest insects on Earth.
Habitat and Distribution
These beetles thrive in diverse environments ranging from sea shores to sandy dunes and clay banks. They are often used as indicators of ecological health due to their sensitivity to habitat changes.
In summary, the Cicindelidae family showcases a fascinating array of species with unique adaptations that make them effective predators in their respective ecosystems.