Longhorn beetles in the UK are part of the family Cerambycidae, which includes over 69 native or naturalized species. These beetles are known for their distinctive long antennae and are often large and colorful, making them easily recognizable in the field. Here are some key points about longhorn beetles in the UK:
Characteristics and Identification
Appearance: Longhorn beetles are generally elongate and robust, with brightly colored or patterned elytra. Their antennae are often as long as or longer than their bodies, though some species have shorter antennae.
Size: They vary significantly in size, with some species reaching lengths of up to 55 mm, while others are as small as 2.5 mm.
Habitat: Longhorns are typically found in areas with dead wood, as their larvae feed on decaying wood. Adults are often seen on flowers, particularly those like hawthorn and hogweed.
Life Cycle and Behavior
Life Cycle: The life cycle begins with females laying eggs in dead or dying wood. The larvae feed on wood for several months to years before pupating and emerging as adults.
Behavior: Adults are active from April to August, with some species appearing as early as March or as late as September. They are important pollinators and contribute to nutrient recycling by consuming decaying wood34.
Conservation Status
Most native longhorn beetles in the UK are not considered pests, as they primarily feed on dead wood. However, some non-native species, like the Asian longhorn beetle, can cause significant damage to living trees and are subject to quarantine regulations.
Notable Species
Black-and-Yellow Longhorn Beetle (Rutpela maculata): Common in the UK, this species is known for its bright black and yellow coloration and is often seen feeding on flowers like cow parsley and hogweed.
Wasp Beetle: Another notable species, often mistaken for a wasp due to its black and yellow coloration and jerky movement3.
Overall, longhorn beetles play a vital ecological role in the UK, contributing to biodiversity and nutrient cycling, and are an interesting group for naturalists to study.