Overview of Carabidae in the UK

The Carabidae family, commonly known as ground beetles, is a diverse and widespread group in the UK. Here are some key points about Carabidae in the UK:

Carabidae UK

Characteristics

Physical Features: Ground beetles have filiform (threadlike) antennae, five segmented tarsi, and hind coxae forming triangular plates. They also have lobed hind trochanters extending along the femora.

Size and Coloration: They vary in size from 1.8 mm to 35 mm and exhibit a range of iridescent metallic colors.

Habitat and Behavior

Habitat: Ground beetles can be found in various habitats but are particularly abundant in riparian and coastal areas.

Behavior: They are largely nocturnal and often hide under rocks, logs, and grass tussocks during the day. They have large eyes, long legs, and strong jaws.

Ecological Role

Predatory Role: Ground beetles are opportunistic predators feeding on soil-dwelling insects like caterpillars, wireworms, maggots, ants, aphids, and slugs. They play a crucial role in biological control within agricultural ecosystems.

Conservation Status: Despite their importance, many species are experiencing declines in biodiversity, with significant implications for ecosystem health and agricultural productivity.

Species Diversity

Number of Species: The UK is home to over 350 species of ground beetles, with the 2012 British list recognizing 362 species.

Subfamilies: The main subfamilies in the UK include Cincindelidae (tiger beetles), Brachininae (bombardier beetles), Omophroninae, and Carabinae (traditional ground beetles).

Conservation Efforts

Recording Schemes: There are ongoing recording schemes to monitor and study ground beetles, led by organizations like the Carabidae Recording Scheme.

Threat Status: Some species are listed as endangered or vulnerable, highlighting the need for conservation efforts to protect these important ecological agents.